نحوه تحقق خطا و تمایز آن از اشتباه در محیط مجازی و اثر آن در انعقاد قراردادهای الکترونیکی با مطالعه تطبیقی حقوق ایران، آمریکا، کانادا، اتحادیه اروپا و عهدنامه ارتباطات الکترونیکی آنسیترال (2005)

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شیراز

2 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

هرچند با استفاده از وسایل الکترونیکی، اشتباهات ناشی از کارگیری وسایل سنتی تا حدود زیادی دیگر اتفاق نمی‌افتند، با این وجود به هنگام استفاده از این وسایل نیز ممکن است به دلایل مختلفی مسائلی حادث شود. آنچه مهم است اینکه بین مسائل رخ داده که یا به شکل اشتباه است و یا به شکل خطا، قائل به تمایز شد. خطا مربوط به اقداماتی است که به غلط توسط بکارگیرنده واسطه‌های الکترونیکی صورت پذیرفته است؛ حال آنکه اشتباه به تصور خلاف واقع گفته می‌شود و ناظر به امور ماهوی است. هرچند آثار اشتباه در محیط مجازی و واقعی یکسان است اما در صورت بروز خطا، در نظام‌های حقوقی غربی با تحقق شرایطی چون نداشتن فرصت تصحیح خطا، اخطار وقوع خطا و عدم بهره‌مندی از کالاها، خدمات و عدم تحصیل سود، می‌توان نسبت به آن بخش از ارتباط الکترونیکی که دچار خطا شده، اعلام انصراف نمود. در نظام حقوقی ایران نیز با استناد به مواد 19 و 20 قانون تجارت الکترونیکی، کاربر می‌تواند آن بخش از ارتباط الکترونیکی که دچار خطا شده را ارسال نشده و به وجود نیامده تلقی نماید. هدف از این تحقیق، تمایز بین اقدامات غلطی است که در محیط مجازی در مقایسه با محیط واقعی بروز می‌نمایند و همچنین تعیین تکلیف در خصوص صحت یا بطلان آنهاست که به صراحت در قوانین و مقررات، حکم آن پیش‌بینی نشده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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