پیامدهای حقوقی مسوولیت بین‌المللی دولت در رویه دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری در پرتو طرح مسئولیت بین‌المللی دولت مورخ 2001

نویسندگان

دانشگاه قم

چکیده

مسوولیت بین‌المللی دولت نتیجه طبیعی نقض تعهدات بین‌المللی دولت است. دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری به عنوان رکن قضایی اصلی سازمان ملل متحد مهمترین مرجع برای طرح مسوولیت بین‌المللی دولت است. طرح مسوولیت بین‌المللی دولت توسط کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل با ابتنای بر رویه قضایی بین‌المللی و از جمله دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری در سال 2001 تدوین گردید. به همین دلیل آرای دیوان پس از سال 2001 نیز تا حدود  زیادی منطبق با طرح مسوولیت بین‌المللی صادر شده است.
یکی از بخش‌های طرح مسوولیت بین‌المللی دولت، محتوا یا پیامدهای مسوولیت بین‌المللی دولت است که به سه بخش قواعد کلی (شامل توقف نقض و اجرای تعهد بین‌المللی و تضمین و اطمینان به عدم تکرار تخلف بین‌المللی)، جبران خسارت (شامل اعاده وضع به حال سابق، جلب رضایت و غرامت) و نقض جدی قواعد آمره (شامل عدم شناسایی و عدم همکاری به وضعیت متخلفانه بین‌المللی) تقسیم شده است. هرچند رویه دیوان در رعایت ترتیب و محتوای پیامدهای حقوقی منطبق با رویکرد طرح بوده است، با این حال در مواردی مانند اعمال شیوه غرامت و جلب رضایت به طور همزمان و نغییر قلمروی پرداخت غرامت و توسعه قلمروی تعهد به عدم شناسایی در نقض جدی قواعد آمره، رویکرد دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری با رویکرد طرح کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل اختلاف داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


- Books
17. Amador, F.V. Garcia, Sixth Report on International Responsibility, Doc. A/CN.4/134 and Add.1, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1961, vol. II.
18. Larsson, Marie-Louise, The law of environmental damage: liability and reparation, The Hague: Kluwer Law International; Stockholm: Norstedts Juridik, cop, 1999.
- Articles
19. -, Damages. Refusal of Declaratory Judgment in Court's Discretion Where Plaintiff Has Action for Anticipatory Breach, Columbia Law Review, Judgments. Volume 27 issue 3 ,1927
20. Boudreault, François , ”Identifying Conflicts of Norms- The ICJ Approach in the Case of the Jurisdictional”, Leiden Journal of International Law Volume 25 issue 04, 2012.
21.
22. Chechi, Alessandro ,“The 2013 Judgment of the ICJ in the Temple of Preah Vihear Case and the Protection of The World cultural and natural Heritage”, Asian Journal of International Law Volume 6 issue 02, 2016
23. Chesterman, Simon “The International Court of Justice in Asia- Interpreting the Temple of Preah Vihear Case”, Asian Journal of International Law Vol
ume 5 issue 01, 2015
24. Christian J.Tams, Recognizing Guarantees and Assurances of Non-Repetition: Lagrand and the Law of State Responsibility, Yale Journal of International Law, volume 27, Issue 2, 2002.
25. Johnson, Michael, “The Consequences of the ICJ Decision in the Whaling Case for Antarctica and the Antarctic Treat” ,The Yearbook of Polar Law, Volume 7 issue 1, 2015
26. Kaldunski, Marcin , “The Law of State Immunity in the Case Concerning Jurisdictional”, Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, Volume 13 issue 1, 2014
27. Majima, Shunzo, ”Forgotten Victims of Military Humanitarian Intervention- A Case for the Principle of Reparation” , Philosophia, Volume 37 issue 2, 2009
28. McIntyre, O., “The Proceduralisation and Growing Maturity of International Water Law- Case Concerning Pulp Mills” , Journal of Environmental Law Volume 22 issue 3, 2010
29. Mennecke ,Martin and Christian J. Tams , “Lagrand Case (Germany v United States of America)”International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Volume 51, issue 2, 2002
30. Petersen, Niels, “The International Court of Justice and the Judicial Politics of Identifying Customary International Law”, ,The European Journal of International Law Vol. 28 no. 2 EJIL (2017), Vol. 28 No. 2.
31. Phoebe N. Okowa , “Case concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v Uganda)”, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 3 (Jul., 2006).
32. Shelton , Dinah L., “Case concerning Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States)”, The American Journal of International Law Volume 98, issue 3, 2004.
- Cases
33. 17. International Court Of Justice Case Concerning Alleged violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America).
34. 18. International Court Of Case Concerning Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Qatar v. United Arab Emirates)
35. 19. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Ukraine v. Russian Federation)
36. 20. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Jadhav Case (India v. Pakistan)
37. 21. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America) 2003.
38. 22. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia) 1997
39. 23. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Corfu Channel (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland v. Albania) 1949
40. 24. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament (Marshall Islands v. United Kingdom) 2016.
41. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Certain Activities Carried Out By Nicaragua In The Border Area (Costa Rica V. Nicaragua) And Construction Of A Road In Costa Rica Along The San Juan River (Nicaragua V. Costa Rica) 2015
42. International Court Of Justice, Advisory Opinions And Orders Case Concerning Pulp Mills On The River Uruguay (Argentina V. Uruguay) 2010
43. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic Of Guinea V. Democratic Republic Of The Congo) 2010
44. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Application Of The Interim Accord Of 13 September 1995 (The Former Yugoslav Republic Of Macedonia V. Greece) 2011
45. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Avena And Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico V. United States Of America) 2009
46. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Jurisdictional Immunities Of The State (Germany V. Italy : Greece Intervening) 2012
47. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Legal Consequences Of the Construction Of A Wall In The Occupied Palestinian Territory, 2004
48. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic Of Guinea V. Democratic Republic Of The Congo) Preliminary Objections Judgment Of 24 May 2007.
49. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Application Of The Convention On The Prevention And Punishment Of The Crime Of Genocide (Bosnia And Herzegovina V. Serbia And Montenegro) 2007
50. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Armed Activities On The Territory Of The Congo (Democratic Republic Of The Congo V. Uganda) Judgment Of 19 December 2005.
51. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Certain Questions Of Mutual Assistance In Criminal Matters (Djibouti V. France) 2008
52. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Lagrand (Germany V. United States Of America) 2001
53. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Navigational And Related Rights (Costa Rica V. Nicaragua) Judgment Of 13 July 2009
54. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Request For Interpretation Of The Judgment Of 15 June 1962 In The Case Concerning The Temple Of Preah Vihear,(Cambodia V. Thailand), 2013
55. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning The Arrest Warrant Of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic Of The Congo V. Belgium) 2002
56. International Court Of Justice, Case Concerning Whaling In The Antarctic (Australia V. Japan: New Zealand Intervening) 2014