مبانی نظری قاعده آمره در حقوق بین‌ا‌لملل

نویسندگان

پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

حقوق بین‌الملل دارای اجزای متشکله‌ای از سیستم‌ها، رژیم‌ها و مجموعه قواعد حقوقی است که با یکدیگر پیوند دارند. چگونگی تشکیل نظام در مناسبات این اجزای متشکله، از مسایل مهم حقوق‌ بین‌الملل است. چگونگی تشکیل نظام را باید در عوامل نظام‌ساز دنبال نمود. عامل نظام‌ساز مجموعه حقوق بین‌الملل را به وحدت می‌رساند؛ به این ترتیب این وحدت در بیشتر موارد در پرتو ایجاد سلسله ‌مراتب هنجاری فیمابین اجزای متشکله حقوق بین‌الملل ایجاد می‌شود که در نتیجه آن حقوق بین‌الملل به یک نظام حقوقی که متضمن سلسله مراتب هنجاری است، تبدیل می‏شود.
در این مقاله تلاش بر این است که یکی از موضوعاتی که به عنوان عامل وحدت‌ساز محتوایی در حقوق بین‌الملل شناخته می‌شود؛ یعنی «هنجار برتر» که با اصطلاح قاعده آمره نام‌گذاری شده است را از منظر مبانی نظری آن، به شیوه مطالعه تطبیقی مکاتب مختلف ارزیابی نماییم. از این‏رو قاعده آمره به عنوان عامل وحدت‌آفرین و نظام‌ساز حقوق بین‌الملل در اکثر قریب به اتفاق سنت‌های فکری حقوق بین‌‌الملل مفهومی مهم و ویژه قلمداد می‌شود. البته هر یک از سنت‌های فکری حقوق بین‌الملل در این زمینه دیدگاه مختص به خود و متمایز از دیگری دارند که به اجمال مورد مطالعه قرارگرفته ‏اند.

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