حمایت حقوقی از حق بر صدا

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشگاه تهران (پردیس البرز)

چکیده

«حق بر صدا» از جمله حقوقی است که از صدا (لحن) و آواز (صدای خوش) شخص حمایت کرده و تقلید (صدا سازی)، جعل و استفاده مکارانه از آن را منع می‌کند. امروزه این حق در روند توسعه و رشد فزاینده ارتباطات، در بردارنده صورت‌ها و مصادیقی است که نظام‌های حقوقی با راهکارهای گوناگون به حمایت از آن پرداخته‌اند. این حق در برخی از نظام‌ها، به صورت محدود، بر مبنای حق بر شخصیت و به‌عنوان حق بر حریم خصوصی یا حقوق مالکیت فکری، مورد شناسائی قرارگرفته است. لیکن در برخی از سیستم‌های حقوقی، کاربرد بدون مجوز عناصر هویتی اشخاص مشهور، به‌منظور کسب منفعت، فراتر از حق بر شخصیت تضمین شده است و سبب شناسایی حق مستقلی با نام «حق بر شهرت» شده است که «صدا» از جمله آن‌ها است. از این رو تحلیل جایگاه صدا و این امر که صیانت از آن در کدام قالب حقوقی مناسب‌تر است، هدف اصلی این تحقیق را تشکیل می‌دهد که پس از تحلیل اجمالی حق بر شخصیت، حق بر شهرت و حق مؤلف به تحلیل آن خواهیم پرداخت. لازم به ذکر است که در نظام حقوقی ایران، حق بر صدا در قالب حق بر شخصیت و نیز حقوق فکری مورد حمایت مقنن قرار گرفته است.

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