مسئولیت دولت در قبال حقوق مالکیت فکری و امنیت غذایی شهروندان

نویسندگان

1 تهران-اوین-دانشگاه شهید بهشتی دانشکده حقوق-29903162

2 دانشجوی دکترای حقوق عمومی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

حمایت از حقوق مالکیت فکری در حوزۀ کشاورزی و دانش‌های مرتبط، به صورت مستقیم و غیرمستقیم آثاری بر امنیت غذایی دارد. حق غذا و حق مالکیت فکری هر دو در اسناد حقوق بشری شناسایی شده اند و تکلیف بر حمایت و تامین این حقوق بر عهده دولت به عنوان حافظ منفعت عمومی قرار دارد. نوع و میزان تأثیر و نیز تزاحم یا سازگاری این دو مقولۀ حقوقی، مورد مناقشه بوده و بر اهمیت و دشواری مسئولیت دولت در برقراری و حفظ تناسب لازم در این باب این افزوده است. به نظر می‌رسد نیل به نقطه تعادل جهت تأمین و حفظ تناسب لازم میان دو مقوله امنیت غذایی و حقوق مالکیت فکری، نیازمند اتخاذ تدابیر و استقرار نظام پیچیده‌ای از حقوق مالکیت فکری است که بتواند به صورت مؤثری از حقوق فعالان ضعیف‌تر مانند کشاورزان و دارندگان دانش سنتی حمایت کند. در این راستا اصلاح و تدوین قوانین کارآمد در حوزه حقوق مالکیت فکری تنها در صورتی به نفع عموم افراد جامعه خواهد بود که همگام و همسو با سایر قوانین و سیاست‌ها از جمله تامین امنیت غذایی باشد.

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