واکاوی قانونی بودن و مشروعیت تحریم های یکجانبه اقتصادی تحت حقوق بین الملل

نویسندگان

دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

چکیده

چکیده

تحریم ها همواره برای حصول به اهدافی مشخص، وضع و اعمال شده اند. شورای امنیت تحت ماده 41 فصل هفتم منشور ملل متحد که ناظر بر حفظ صلح و امنیت بین المللی می باشد، می تواند برای اجرای تصمیمات خود مبادرت به اتخاذ برخی اقدامات (تحریم ها) نماید. از طرف دیگر، کشورها نیز به طور یکجانبه اقدام به وضع تحریم علیه سایر کشورها با هدف اعلامی حصول به اهداف و منافع ملی خود می نمایند. از این منظر، تحریم ها به عنوان ابزاری  در راستای مقاصد سیاست خارجی محسوب می شوند. آنچه که محرز است، این است که وضع تحریم، تحت منشور ملل متحد صرفا برعهده شورای امنیت گذاشته شده است که خود تابع محدودیت های ناشی از مفاد منشور می باشد و کشورها از اتخاذ اقدامات قهری یکجانبه علیه یکدیگر خارج از چارچوب منشور منع شده اند. برابر پیش نویس مفاد مسئولیت دولت ها، اقدامات کشورها علیه یکدیگر خارج از منشور ملل متحد، از تحریم تفکیک شده و عنوان "اقدام متقابل" گرفته است. تحریم ها چه از سوی شورای امنیت اعمال شوند و چه به صورت یکجانبه توسط کشورها علیه یکدیگر، بر بهره مندی افراد از حقوق بشر اساسی خود نیز تاثیر جدی خواهند گذاشت.

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