پویایی مفهوم «سرمایه گذاری» در پرتو متدولوژی های احراز صلاحیت ایکسید

نویسندگان

دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی (ره)

چکیده

حدود نیم قرن از فعالیت مرکز داوری ایکسید می­گذرد و در طول این زمان مفهوم «سرمایه‏گذاری» به یکی از بحث ­برانگیزترین مباحث این حوزه بدل شده و موضوع دعاوی بسیاری نیز بوده است. عدم تعریف این اصطلاح در کنوانسیون واشنگتن از یک سو و اتکای مراجع داوری ایکسید به معیاری دوسویه، مبنی بر انطباق مفهوم سرمایه­گذاری هم با معاهدات مربوطه و هم کنوانسیون واشنگتن، در احراز صلاحیت خویش از سوی دیگر، سبب شده است که مراجع داوری ایکسید متدولوژی­های گوناگونی را در احراز وجود یک سرمایه­گذاری به کار گیرند و بیش از پیش بر چالش­های این حوزه بیافزایند. با این وصف که برخی از مراجع داوری با اتکای صرف به قصد و نیت طرف­های معاهده، اصالت را به رضایت طرف­ها دادند و برخی دیگر از مراجع معیارهای عینی سرمایه­گذاری را بر رضایت طرف­ها ترجیح دادند و فارغ از رضایت طرف­ها به احراز صلاحیت خویش پرداختند. از این رو، پژوهش حاضر با هدف درک بهتر این روش­ها در پی یافتن پاسخی برای این پرسش است که کدام­ یک از این رویکردها با ماهیت پویای مفهوم «سرمایه­گذاری» سازگارتر است و در واقع مراجع داوری ایکسید با عنایت به کنوانسیون واشنگتن از چه طریقی می­توانند به یکدستی مفاهیم ذهنی حقوقی با پدیده­های عینی نائل شوند.

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