تاثیر مشارکت زیان دیده در خسارت بر مسوولیت بین المللی دولت

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی (ره)

2 دانش آموخته دکتری، حقوق بین الملل دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی (ره)

چکیده

در حقوق مسئولیت بین‌المللی خسارت همواره مشمول جبران کامل خواهد بود. اما اگر زیان‌دیده با فعل یا ترک فعل خود به‌نحو مؤثری در خسارت نقش داشته باشد، این مشارکت می‌تواند در تعیین نوع و میزان غرامت مدنظر قرار بگیرد. تعهد زیان‌دیده به کاهش خسارت پس از وقوع خسارت و نادیده گرفتن فرض وجود خطر از سوی او نیز به‌عنوان جلوه‌هایی از تأثیر مشارکت زیان‌دیده در خسارت بر مسئولیت بین‌المللی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. از آنجایی که مشارکت زیان‌دیده تنها پس از احراز مسئولیت و در مقام تعیین غرامت مدنظر قرار می‌گیرد، اگر این مشارکت به طریقی انجام شود که بتوان آن را به‌عنوان رضایت به ارتکاب عمل معین از طرف دولت دیگر قلمداد کرد، رفتار زیان‌دیده به‌عنوان یکی از عوامل رافع وصف متخلفانۀ عمل تلقی و مانع ایجاد مسئولیت بین‌المللی می‌گردد و در نتیجه، سخن گفتن از تأثیر مشارکت زیان‌دیده بر مسئولیت بلاموضوع خواهد شد. همچنین، اگر رفتار زیان‌دیده، علت تامۀ وقوع عمل متخلفانه و در نتیجه، مانع انتساب عمل به دولت باشد، سبب معافیت کامل از مسئولیت خواهد شد.

 

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