توجیه مجازات: بررسی یک نظریه ترکیبی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

توجیه مجازات از قدیم محل مناقشه دو نظریه سزاگرایی و فایده گرایی بوده است. مباحثات بی پایان فلاسفه نشان می دهدکه هر دو نظریه زخمی ایرادات کشنده ای هستند و هیچ یک به تنهایی نمی تواند پاسخ مناسبی به «چرا مجازات؟» بدهد. برخی برای حل مشکل به بازسازی و تعدیل نظریه محبوب خود نشسته و برخی نظریه ای ترکیبی پیشنهاد کرده اند. از میان نظریات ترکیبی، مدل پیشنهادی فلاسفه تحلیلی منسجم ترین است. این مدل با اتکا بر «تحلیل مفهومی» سؤالات و پاسخ های مربوطه را متعدد و از این رهگذر حضور هر دو مطلوب سود و سزا را میسر می کند. این مقاله با تمرکز بر دیدگاه هربرت هارت و جان رالز بر علیه این نظریه ترکیبی استدلال می کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Armstrong, K.,(1961), The Retributivist Hits Back.Mind, Volume Vol.70.‬‬ ‫‪Bedau, H.Adam, (1978), Retribution and the Theory of Punishment, The Journal of‬‬
‫‪Philosophy, Volume 75, pp.601-620.‬‬ ‫‪Bradley, F.H., (1876).Ethical Studies.2 ed (1927) ed.New York: Oxford University‬‬
‫‪Press.‬‬ ‫‪Brooks, T., (2003), Kant's Theory of Punishment, Utilitas, Volume 15.‬‬ ‫‪Benn, S., (1958), An Approach to the Problems of Punishment Philosophy,‬‬
‫‪Volume 33.‬‬
Bentham, J., (1838-1843), Principles of Morals and Legislation, Fragment on Government, Civil Code, Penal Law.In: J.Bowring, ed.The Works of Jeremy.
Bentham.s.l.:Edinburgh: William Tait, (1838-1843), Principles of Morals and Legislation, Fragment on Government, Civil Code, Penal Law.In: J.Bowring, ed.The Works of Jeremy Bentham.s.l.:Edinburgh: William Tait,.
Binder, G.&.S.N., (2000), Framed: Utilitarianism and Punishment of the Innocent, Rutgers Law Journal, Volume 32.
Boodin, R.E., (1995), Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy.s.l.:Cambridge University Press.
Cragg, W., (1992), The Practice of Punishment: Towards a Theory of Restorative Justice, New York: Routlrdge.
Ewing, A., (1929), The Morality of Punishment: With Some Suggestions for a General Theory of Ethics.s.l.:K.Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd.
Feinberg, J., (1970), An Expressive Theory of Punishment, In: Doing and Deserving.Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Flew, A., (1954),The Justification of Punishment, Philosophy, Volume 29, pp.291307.
Foley, R., (1999), Analysis In: R.AUDI, ed, The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Frederick, R., (2012), Kant's Social and Political Philosophy. Hooker, Brad, E.M.D.E.M., (2000), Introduction, In: E.M.D.E.M.Brad Hooker,
ed.Morality, Rules and Consequences: A Critical Reader.Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Hacker, P., (1998), Analytic philosophy: what, whence, and whither?, In: A.B.a.A.Matar, ed, The Story of Analytic Philosophy: Plot and Heroes.s.l.:Routledge. Hart, H., (1960), Prolegomenon to the Principles of Punishment, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 60, pp.1-26.

Downloaded from jlviews.ir at 17:16 +0430 on Tuesday July 3rd
Hobbes, T., (1998), Leviathan, s, l.:oxford University Press. Honderich, T.,(2006), Punishment: The Supposed Justificationslondon: pluto press. Kant, I., (1999), Metaphysical Elements of Justice, Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing
Company. Leiter, B., (2010), Naturalizing Jurisprudence: Essays on American Legal Realism and
Naturalism in Legal Philosophy.s.l.:Oxford University Press. Ludwig von, C., (1916), A history of continental criminal law, s.l.:Boston : Little,
Brown, and company. Mabbott, J.D., (1939), Punishment, Mind, Volume Vol.48. Margalit, A., (1979), Open Texture, In: A.Margalit, ed.Meaning and Use.s.l.:D.Reidel
Publishing Company. Martinich, A.P., (2001), Introduction, In: A.P.M.a.D.Sosa, ed.A Companion to Analytic
Philosophy.s.l.:Blackwell. McCloskey, ,.H., (1957), An Examination of Restricted Utilitarianism,
Philosophical Review, Volume 66. Murphy, J.G., (1987), Does Kant Have a Theory of Punishment, Columbia Law
Review, Volume Vol.87. Quinton, A., (1954), On Punishment, Analysis, Volume 14. Rawls, J., (1955), Two Concepts of Rules, Philosophical Review. Raz, J., (1979), The authority of Law, s.l.:Oxford University Press. Skelton, A., (2011), Ideal Utilitarianism: Rashdall and Moore, In: Underivative
Duty: British Moral Philosophers from Sidgwick to Ewing.Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wittgenstein, L., (1976), Philosophical Investigations, s.l.:BASIL BLACKWELL. Zaibert, L., (2006), Punishment and Retribution, s.l.:Ashgate Publishing