نقش افکار عمومی در اعمال قواعد موافقت‌نامه‌ی اعمال اقدامات بهداشتی و بهداشت گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 پردیس فارابی، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

نظام تجارت آزاد به دنبال کاهش تعرفه‌ها و رفع موانع غیر تعرفه‌ای است که سازمان تجارت جهانی متکفل آن است. برخی از کالاهای وارداتی از جهت ایمنی و سلامت مشکل دارند و کشورهای واردکننده نگران هستند که ورود این نوع کالاها به سرزمین آنها سلامت و بهداشت عمومی را به خطر اندازد. گاهی نگرانی از سلامتی و ایمنی کالاهای وارداتی ناشی از افکار عمومی و نگرانی‌های جمعی می‌باشد که ممکن است پایه و اساس علمی داشته یا نداشته باشد. «موافقت‌نامه‌ی اعمال اقدامات بهداشتی و بهداشت گیاهی» به کشورهای عضو این امکان را می‌دهد که تحت شرایطی از ورود کالاهایی که برای سلامتی، ایمنی و بهداشت عمومی مخاطره آمیز هستند جلوگیری کنند. این مقاله در صدد است بررسی نماید که تا چه اندازه نگرانی افکار عمومی یک کشور نسبت به سلامتی و ایمنی محصولات وارداتی می‌تواند محملی برای اتخاذ اقدامات بهداشتی و بهداشت گیاهیِ محدودکننده‌ی تجارت آزاد باشد؟ بررسی دقیق مقررات موافقت‌نامه‌ی‌ مزبور نشان می‌دهد که فضای قابل ملاحظه‌ای برای کشورهای عضو وجود دارد تا به دلایل غیرعلمی همچون افکار عمومی استناد کرده و اقداماتی را به منظور حفاظت از حیات و سلامتی انسان‌ها و محیط زیست اتخاذ نمایند.

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