In the criminal laws of many countries, offences are classified into two categories based on the presence of harm to victims: Victimless crimes and Victim-based crimes. In Victim-based crimes, the commission of the offense not only disrupts public order but also results in the violation of the rights of specific individuals. Victimology was established precisely for this purpose—to place crime victims at the center of analysis, examine the causes of criminal behavior, and address the compensation of harm inflicted upon them. Within this field of study, on the one hand, the causes of crime are examined from the perspective of victim provocation or facilitation, which logically leads to a reduction in the offender’s responsibility. On the other hand, the focus is placed on supporting victims and compensating for the damages, suffering, and losses they have endured.The present research seeks to answer the question: To what extent has the Iranian legislator incorporated the achievements of victimology into the public institutions of criminal law? The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of these institutions from the perspective of victimology, identify potential gaps and shortcomings, and propose appropriate solutions. Conducted through a descriptive-analytical method and relying on authoritative library sources, this research demonstrates that the role and position of victims in the commission of crimes and sentencing must be clarified—based on a fault-ranking system and the requirement to compile victim profiles—so that the responsibilities of both offender and victim are determined in a fair and logical manner. Furthermore, by adopting a restorative justice approach, victim protection and the comprehensive compensation of both material and moral damages must be systematically integrated into the public institutions of criminal law.