In Islam, sorcery (Sihr) that is harmful to individuals or the faith is categorized as a crime and warrants punishment. Consequently, Iranian criminal laws, which are fundamentally derived from Islamic Sharia, must prescribe penalties for perpetrators of sorcery. This study addresses several key questions: Is sorcery considered a Hadd or Ta'zir crime in Islam? What is the prescribed punishment for a sorcerer (Sahir) according to Islamic teachings? Furthermore, under which legal articles can a sorcerer be prosecuted within Iranian criminal regulations? The findings of this research, conducted through textual analysis and library-based documentary studies, indicate a consensus among Shia jurists that the death penalty is applicable in two specific instances: when the sorcerer’s actions constitute Infidelity (Kufr), or when the sorcerer considers the act of sorcery to be religiously permissible (Mustahill). Beyond these cases, the majority of jurists still advocate for the death penalty. Conversely, a non-Muslim sorcerer is typically subject to Ta'zir punishment unless their act falls under a specific Hadd category. Regarding Iranian criminal law, although sorcery is not explicitly listed as a Hadd crime with a predefined penalty, Article 220 of the Islamic Penal Code (2013) provides a legal basis for prosecution. This article allows judges to refer to authoritative Islamic sources or valid fatwas to determine the punishment for a sorcerer in cases where the law is silent.