The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views

The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views

The free discretion of Admission and rejection the Evidence in International Criminal Courts and its influence on accused rights

Author
buali sina university
Abstract
Statute, the rules of procedure and jurisprudence of International Criminal Tribunals have prescribed when the evidence is presented by prosecution and accused, it’s not necessary the innocent or guilty of accused be exhibited certainly, rather, this will be specified at the time of sentencing and considering the evidence as a whole and review in terms of strength and weakness. So it may the raised evidence that is not a high degree of validity be admitted. when the method of obtaining evidence by prosecution has violated international human rights instruments, the judges are not required reject it unless these violations, jeopardize the rights of accused severely. Therefore from regulations and jurisprudence, it can be seen the interests of victims predominated on rights of accused. While the establishment of peace and reconciliation in unquiet areas will be possible provided that justice to be implemented not only on victims but also accused. For this reason, it is necessary that regulations related to evidence in Statute of the International Criminal Court which has taken steps on the long way of administration of justice, be revisited
Keywords

الف- کتاب
1-Ackerman, John E and Osullivan, Eugene. (2000). Practice and Procedure of the International Criminal Tribunal for The Former Yugoslavia. first published. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
2-Ambos, Kai. (2016). Treatise on International Criminal Law: Volume III: International Criminal Procedure. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3-Appazov, Artur. (2016). Expert Evidence and International Criminal Justice. New York: Springer International Publishing.
4-Badar, M.E; Higgins, N. (2015). "General Principles of Law in The Early Jurisprudence of the Icc" in Mariniello, Triestino (ed.). The International Criminal Court in Search of its Purpose and Identity. First Published. New York: Routledge.
5-Baddour, Lina. (2010). "international criminal law and common law rules of evidence" in Karim A . A Khan; Caroline Buisman and Christopher Gosnell (eds.). principles of evidence in international criminal justice. first published. New York: Oxford university press.
6-Bantekas, Ilias and Nash, Susan. (2003). International Criminal Law. Second Edition. New York: Cavendish Publishing.
7-Best, Arthur. (2009). Evidence: Examples and Explanations. Seventh Edition. New York: Aspen publishers.
8-Boas, Gideon; Bischoff, James L; Reid, Natalie and Taylor, B.D. (2011). International Criminal Procedure. Vol III, first published. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9-Book, Jan Philipp. (2011). Appeal and Sentence in International Criminal Law. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts - Verlag.
10-CalvoGollar, kavin N. (2006). The Trial Proceedings of the International Criminal Court: Icty and Ictr Precedents. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
11-Cassese, Antonio. (2003). International criminal law. first published. Oxford: Oxford university press.
12-Davis, Howard. (2014).Begining Human Rights Law. first published. New York: Routledge
13-Eriksson, Maria. (2011). Defining Rape: Emerging Obligations for States Under InternationalLaw. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
14-Fanego, C . A. (2012). "Requirements in Relation to Witness Examination Under Article 6.3 ECHR" in Roca, Javier Garcia and Santolaya, Pablo (eds.). Europe of Rights: A Compendium on the European Convention of Human Rights. first published. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
15-Gaynor, F; jackson, J; Klamberg, M and Tochilovsky, V. (2013)." Appeals, Reviews and Reconsideration" in Sluiter, G; Friman, H; Linton, S, Zappala, S and Vasiliev, S(eds.). International Criminal Procedure: Principles and Rules. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
16-Gray, Kevin R. (2004). "Evidence and Victims" in McGoldrick, Dominic; Rowe, Peter and Donnelly, Eric (eds.).The Permanent International Criminal Court. Portland: Hart Publishing.
17-Hails, Judy. (2013). Criminal Evidence. Eighth Edition. Boston: Cengage Learning.
18-Jasinski, wojciech. (2016). "Admissibility of Illegally Obtained Evidence in Proceedings before International Criminal Courts" in Krzan, Bartlomiej (ed.). Prosecuting International Crimes: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Leiden. Brill Nijhoff.
19-Joseph, Sarah and Castan, Melissa. (2013). The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Cases, Materials and Commentatory. Third Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
20-Klamberg, Mark. (2013). Evidence in International Criminal Trials: Confronting Legal Gaps and The Reconstructions of Disputed Events. Leiden: MartinusNijhoff Publishers.
21-Kleijkamp, G A. (1999). Family Life and Family Interest. first published. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
22-Laucci, Cyril. (2010). the Annotated Digest of the International Criminal Court. Vol III. Leiden: MartinusNijhoff Publishers.
23-Mugwanya, George William. (2016). "Trial and Appeal Processes" in De Brouwer, Anne Marie and Smeulers, Alette (eds.). The Elgar Companion to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. first published. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
24-Nerenberg, Marc and Timmermann, wibke. (2010). "Documentary Evidence" in Khan, karim A; Buisman, caroline and Gosnell, Christopher (eds.). Principles of Evidence in International Criminal Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
25-Pellet, Alain. (2002)." Applicable law " in Cassese , Antonio; Gaeta, Paola and John R.W.D (eds.), The Rome Statute of The International Criminal Court: A Commentary. Vol II. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
26-Peterson, Clement Salung. (2014). "A Comparative Perspective on Recent Nordic Reforms of Civil Justice" in Ervo, Laura and Nylund, Anna (eds.). The Future of Civil Litigation: Access to Counts and Court – Annexed Mediation in the Nordic Countries. New York: Springer.
27-Safferling, Christoph. (2012). International Criminal Procedure. First Published. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
28-Schabas, william A. (2006). The UN International Criminal Tribunals: The Former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierraleone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
29-Schabas, william A. (2007). An Introduction to the International Criminal Court. third edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
30-Schabas, william A. (2010). International Criminal Court: A Commentary on the Rome Statute. First Published. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31-Tochilovsky, Vladimir. (2008). Jurisprudence of the International Criminal Courts and the European Court of Human Rights: Procedure and Evidence. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
32-Tochilovsky, Vladimir. (2014). The Law and Jurisprudence of International Criminal Tribunals and Courts: Procedure and Human Rights Aspects. Cambridge: Intersentia.
33-Viebig, petra. (2016). Illicity Obtained Evidence at the International Criminal Court. Amsterdam: Asser press.
34-Vriend, Koen. (2016). Avoiding a Full Criminal Trials: Fair Trials Rights, Diversions and Shortcuts in Dutch and International Criminal Proceedings. Amsterdam: Asser press.
35-Weatherall, Thomas. (2015). International Law and Social Contract. first published. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36-Zeegers, Krit. (2016). International Criminal Tribunals and Human Rights Law: Adherence and Contextualization. Amsterdam: Asser press.
ب- مقاله
1-Boas, Gideon. (2001). "Creating Laws of Evidence for International Criminal Law: the Icty and the Principle of Flexibility". Criminal Law Forum. vol.12. P. 41-90.

ج- سایت اینترنتی

1-Prosecutor V. Limaj, Appeals Chamber, 27 september 2007,
Available At : < www.icty.org/x/cases/limaj/acjug/en/Lima-Jug-070927.pdf > 2018/02/17