The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views

The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views

The role of Risk assessment of recidivism in determining correctional punishment In the Iran and the U.S criminal justice system

Authors
1 University
2 Khuzestan Judicialy
3 Shahid Chamran University
Abstract
With the arrival of the new Penological Review is intended to control, according to a special place. The most important aim of this is intended to reduce recidivism; risk assessment-driven not only to the strict approach and control-oriented, aggravated, but also in increasing the accuracy in determining the penalty, and modifying the peaceful effect of blind eye orbit and also can be used to pay attention to it in terms of the issuance of the amended circuit response Iran and the U.S. penal system is evident. However, the approach of the United States with the aim of ensuring the rights of the legislative right of issuing institutions of correction of the orbit and reduce recidivism. So that's how the various stages of judicial activists and enjoying what the tools in assessing the lack of repeat offense, compared to determine the correct answers to the basic orientation of action circuit. This paper will try to identify the assessment tools after risk repeating the crime, how to use them in all stages of the proceedings and the challenges in this regard be paid there. Finally it seems that the Iranian criminal law assessment tools risk recidivism of clinical assessment and the judicial institutions proposed that the issuance of the social circuit modification answers is a very important position.
Keywords

 Andrews and James Bonta,(2010)The Psychology of Criminal Conduct, 5 ed. (New Providence, NJ: Anderson Publishing.
 Andrews DA, Bonta J (1998) the psychology of criminal conduct. Anderson, Cincinnati
 Andrews DA, Dowden C (2007) The risk-need-responsivity model of assessment and human service in prevention and corrections: crime-prevention jurisprudence. Can J Criminol Crim Justice 49:439–464
 Andrews DA, Bonta J, Hoge R (1990) Classification for effective rehabilitation: rediscovering psychology. Crim Justice Behav 17:19–52
 Andrews DA, Bonta J, Wormith SJ (2006) the recent past and near future of risk and/or need assessment. Crime Delinq 52:7–27
 Baird C (2009) A question of evidence: a critique of risk assessment models used in the justice system. National Council on Crime and Delinquency, Madison
 Bloom HS, Singer NM (1979) Determining the cost-effectiveness of correctional programs: the case of patuxent institution. Eval Rev 3:609–628
 Bonta J (2002) Offender risk assessment: guidelines for selection and use. Crim Justice Behav 29:355–379
 Bonta J, Wormith SJ (2008) Risk and need assessment. In: McIvor G, Raynor P (eds) Developments in social work with offenders. Jessica Kingsley, London, pp 131–152
 Borum R, Douglas K (2003) New directions in violence risk assessment. Pyschiatr Times 20(3):102–103
 Cullen, Francis T. and Cheryl Lero Jonson, (2011) “Rehabilitation and Treatment Programs,” in Crime and Public Policy,ed. James Q. Wilson and Joan Petersilia, 2ed. (New York: Oxford University Press,
 Dawes R, Faust D, Meehl P (1989) Clinical versus actuarial judgment. Science 31:1668–1674
 Dowden C, Andrews DA (1999) what works in young offender treatment: a meta-analysis? Forum Correct Res 11:21–24
 Edward J. Latessa and Brian Lovins,(2014) Risk Assessment, Classification,and Prediction in: G. Bruinsma, D. Weisburd (eds.), Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Springer Science Business Media New York
 Flores AW, Russell, AJ, Latessa, EJ, Travis LF (2005) Evidence of professionalismor quackery: measuring practitioner awareness of risk/need factors and effective treatment strategies. Fed Probat 69(2):9–14
 Jones DA, Johnson S, Latessa EJ, Travis LF (1999) Case classification in community corrections: preliminary findings from a National Survey, Topics in community corrections. National Institute of Corrections, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC
 Kemshall, Hazel,(2003) Understanding risk in criminal justice, Open University Press,
 Latessa EJ (2004) Best practices of classification and assessment. J Commun Correct X11(2; winter 2003–2004):27–30
 Latessa EJ, Lowenkamp CT (2005a) what are criminogenic needs and why are they important. For the record (fourth quarter): 15–16
 Latessa EJ, Lowenkamp CT (2005b) the role of offender risk assessment tools and how to select them. For the record (fourth quarter): 18–20
 Latessa E, Brusman L, Smith P (2010) Follow-up evaluation of Ohio’s community based correctional facility and halfway house programs. Center for Criminal Justice Research, Cincinnati
 Lero Jonson, Cheryl (2010) The Impact of Imprisonment on Reoffending: A Meta-Analysis, A dissertation submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati,.
 Lowenkamp CT, Latessa EJ (2004) Understanding the risk principle: how and why correctional interventions can harm low-risk offenders, Topics in community corrections. National Institute of Corrections, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, pp 3–8
 Lowenkamp CT, Latessa EJ (2005) Increasing the effectiveness of correctional programming through the risk principle: identifying offenders for residential placement. Criminol Public Policy 2(4):15–24
 Lowenkamp CT, Latessa EJ, Holsinger A (2006) The risk principle in action: what we have learned from 13,676 offenders and 97 correctional programs. Crime Delinq 52(1):1–17 Malenchik v. State of Indiana, No. 79S02–0908–CR–365 (Ind., 2010)
 Pamela M Casey, Roger K. Warren, and Jennifer K. Elek, (2011) Using Offender Risk and Needs Assessment Information at Sentencing: Guidance for Courts from a National Working Group, National Center for State Courts, Williamsburg,
 VA,
 Taxman, Faye S and April Pattavina (Ed) (2013), Simulation Strategies to Reduce Recidivism, Risk Need Responsivity (RNR) Modeling for the Criminal Justice System, Springer Science+Business Media New York,
 Vera Institute of Justice’s Center of Sentencing and Corrections, Risk and Needs Assessment, memorandum to the Delaware Justice Reinvestment Task Force, October 12, 2011, pp. 9-12,
 Vincent G, Terry A, Maney S (2009) Risk/needs tools for antisocial behavior and violence among youthful populations. In: Andrade J (Ed) Handbook of violence risk assessment and treatment: new approaches for forensic mental health practitioners. Springer, New York, pp 377–423