The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views

The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views

Price Determination in CISG

Author
ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Abstract
The determination of price is one of the most important conditions in concluding the sale contract. Nevertheless nowadays for many different reasons such as price fluctuations and non-ability to specify all the conditions by the parties in advance, the traders prefer the contractual flexibility, especially open price in sale contracts. Although the lawyers over the world consider some advantages for non-determining the price in time of conclusion of the contract, the lawmakers haven’t adopted the same approach about this issue. In this respect, due consideration shall be given to CISG’s view about open price, because it seems there is a contradiction between Arts. 14 and 55 of CISG about price determination. This essay relying on the analysis of the text of CISG and corresponding case law shows that Arts 14 and 55 are consistent with each other and that under CISG fixation relying on party autonomy it is possible to conclude an agreement without a fixed and definite price or without a mechanism for the price
Keywords

Amato, Paul. (1993-1994). U.N. Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods - The Open Price Term and Uniform Application: An Early Interpretation by the Hungarian Courts. Journal of Law and Commerce. 13, pp 1-29.
Farnsworth, Allan. (1984). Formation of Contract, in International Sales: the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. (Nina M. Galson & Hans Smit eds.). New York: Matthew Bender
Fehr, Ernst, Klein, Alexander and Schmidt, Klaus. (2001). Fairness, Incentives and Contractual Incompleteness, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics. University of Zurich, Working Paper.
Gabriel, Henry. (2005-2006). The Buyer's Performance Under the CISG: Articles 53-60 Trends in the Decisions. Journal of Law and Commerce. 25, pp 273-283.
Garro, Alejandro M. (1989). Reconciliation of Legal Traditions in the UN Convention on Convention for the International Sale of Goods. International Lawyer. 23, pp 443-448.
Gergen, Mark P. (1992). The Use of Open Terms in Contract. Columbia Law Review. 92, pp 997-1081
Hager, Gunter. (2005). Analysis of Obligations of the Buyer (Arts. 53-60), in Commentary on the UN-Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG). (Peter Schlechtriem & Ingeborg Schwenzer eds., 2d ed.). UK: Oxford University Press.
Halson, Roger. (1991). Opportunism, Economic Duress and Contractual Modifications. Law Quarterly Review. 107, pp 649-678.
Halson, Roger. (2001). Contract Law. Harlow: Longman.
Honnold, John O.(1999). Criteria for an Offer in Uniform Law for International Sales under the 1980 United Nations Convention. 3rd. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
Huber, Peter and Mullis, Alastair. (2007). The CISG: A New Textbook for Students and Practitioners. Munich: Sellier
Lando, Ole. (1985). The Lex Mercatoria in International Commercial Arbitration. International & Comparative Law Quarterly. 34, pp 748-752
Llewellyn, Karl N. (1949-1950). Remarks on the Theory of Appellate Decision and the Rules or Canons about How Statutes are to be Construed. Vanderbilt Law Review. 3, pp 395-406.
Macaulay, Stewart. (1991). Long-term Continuing Relations: the American Experience Regulating Dealerships and Franchises in Franchising and the Law: Theoretical and Comparative Approaches in Europe and the United States. (Christian Joerges ed.). Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Macaulay, Stewart. (2003). the Real and the Paper Deal: Empirical Pictures of Relationships, Complexity and the Urge for Transparent Simple Rules in Implicit Dimensions of Contract: Discrete, Relational & Network Contracts. (David Campbell, Hugh Collins and John Wightman eds). Oxford: Hart Publishing Co.
Macneil, Ian R. (1978). Contracts: Adjustment of Long-Term Economic Relations under Classical, Neo Classical, and Relational Contract Law. Northwestern University Law Review. 72, pp 854-905.
Macneil, Ian R. (1985). Reflections on Relational Contracts. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics. 141, pp 541-546
Mistelis, Loukas. (2005-2006). Article 55 CISG: The Unknown Factor. Journal of Law and Commerce. 25, pp 285-297
Pandurević, Nemanja. (2015). Interplay Between Article 14 And Article 55 of The United Naions Convention on Contracts for The International Sale of Goods (CISG). Review Piaper, available at:
http://doisrpska.nub.rs/index.php/zrefis/article/viewFile/2355/2263
Rosett, Arthur. (1984). Critical Reflections on the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. Ohio State Law Journal. 45, pp 265-305.
Schwenzer, Ingeborg; Fountoulakis, Christiana and Dimsey, Mariel. (2012). International Sales Law: A guide to the CISG, 2 nd., Oxford: Hart.
Tajudin, Ahmad. (2013). Legal Enforceability of Intentional Open Price in the US, England and the United Nations, Ph.D. theses, Durham University.
Viscasillas, Pilar (2015), The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly in Distribution Contracts: Limitation of Party Autonomy in Arbitration?, Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs, Vol.4, Issue.1, pp 213-241.