The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views

The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views

Pathology of Features of Iran Administrative Contract in the Compared with France and England Law

Authors
Mohammad Hosein Zare
Ayat Molaee
Shahid Beheshti University
Abstract
  Administrative contracts are legal institutions that have been discussed in field of public law in the legal Roman – German system, France in particular, and it is said that in the country it has increasingly been developed and now it is an eloquence situation. But the institution have not been developed in Common law system (England in particular) and there is a kind of impossibility in acceptance of the institution in Iranian legal system. In first view, yet, all contracts have been discussed in private law field in Iran and England systems.

  In this paper, we have discussed to pathology of features of administrative contract in Iran in the light of France and England Law. Thus, with focus to the nature of administrative contracts, it has been said important four features to the contracts in four section and has been concluded that although there are similarity in the features but there are important difficulties in Iranian legal system, such as lack of professional courts and non–harmonic approach among judicial, legislative and idea systems, so that it can said that the features have not been instituted in our legal system.
Keywords
Administrative Contract
public service
Exorbitant Contract Terms
Public Contract
A) Books‬‬ ‫‪- Alder, John (2002), General Principles of Constitutional and Administrative‬‬
‫‪Law, Palgrave.‬‬ ‫‪- Barry, Nicholas (1982), French Law of Contract, London: Butterworths.‬‬
‫‪- Beale H.G., W.D. Bishop & M.P. Furmston (1985), Contract Cases and‬‬
‫‪Materials, London: Butterworths.‬‬
- Brown L. Neville and John S. Bell (1998), French Administrative Law, Fifth edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press. - Chapus, René (1994), Droit Administratif Général, Tome I, 8e edition, montchrestien. - Clives, Lewis (2000), Judicial Remedies in Public Law, London: Sweet and Maxwell. - Cane, Peter, (1992) An Introduction to Administrative Law, Second edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press. - Craig P. P. (1989), Administrative Law, Second edition, London: Sweet & Maxwell. - Dicey A. V. (1927), Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, London: Macmillan. - Dupuis Georges, Marie-José Guédon et Patrice Chrétien (2007), Droit Administratif, Paris: Dalloze. - Dubouis Louis et Gustave Peiser (2001), Droit Public, Paris: Dalloz. - Guettier, Christophe (2004), Droit des Contrats Administatifs, 3e edition, Paris: PUF. - Harlow, Carol (2005), Understanding Tort Law, London: Sweet & Maxwell. - Jez, Gaston (1927), Les Contrats Administratifs, Tome I, Paris : Marcel Glard. - Jez, Gaston (1925), Princies Généraux du Droit Administratif, Tome II, Pari: SIREY. - Jones B. L. (1989), Administrative Law, London and Edinburgh: ButterWorths. - Lachaume, Jean François (1999), Droit Administratif, Paris: PUF. - Laubadére, André de (1978), Manuel de Droit Administratif, Paris: L.G.D.J.
- Laubadére, André de, J.C. Venezia et Yves Gaudmemet (1996), Traité de Droit Administratif, Tome I, 14e edition, Paris: L.G.D.J. - Les Grands Arréts de la Jurisprudence Administratif (1974), Paris: SIREY. - Lichére, François (2005), Droit des Contrats Publics, Paris: Dalloz.
- Marsh P. D. V. (1996), Comparative Contract Law: England, France, Germany, Hampshire: Gower. - Mckendrick, Ewan (2008), Contract Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Mulcahy, Linda (2008), Contract Law in Perspective, London: Routledge, Cavendish. - Padfield, Colin F. (1998), Law: Made Simple, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Peiser, Gustave (2008), Droit Administratif Général, Paris: Dalloz.
- Planiol M. et G. Ripert (1952), Traité Elémentaire de Droit Civil Français, Tome VI, Paris: Dalloz. - Richer, Laurent (2006), Droit des Contrats Administratifs, Paris: L.G.D.J.
- Tillotson, John (1985), Contract Law in Perspective, London: Butterworths.
- Treitel G. H. (1989), An Outline of the Law of Contract, London: Buterworths.
- Treitel G. H. (1995), The Law of Contract, London: Sweet & Maxwell.
- Turpin C. (1989), Government Procurement and Contracts, London: 1989,
quoted in: Cane Peter (1992), An Introduction to Administrative Law, Second
edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 256
- Turpin C. (1968), Government Contracts: A Study of Methods of
Contracting, MLR, quted in: Tillotson John (1985), Contract Law in Perspective, London: Butterworths. - Wade William and Christopher Forsyth (2004), Administrative Law, Oxford: Oxford Universiyty Press.
B) Articles - Bakovic Tonci, Bernard Tenenbaum and Fiona Woolf (May 2003), Regulation
by Contract: A New Way to Privatize Electricity Distribution?, Energy and Mining Sector to Board Discussion Paper, Paper No.7, pp. 1-70.
- Bates Larry (2002), Administrative Regulation of Terms in Form Contracts:
A Comparative Analysis of Consumer Protection, Emory International Law Review, Vol. 16, pp. 1 – 106.
- Bellof Micheal J. (March 1995), Judicial Review: a Prophetic Odyssey, The Modern Law Review, Vol. 58, No. 2. - Camphell David (2000), Reflexivity and Welfarism in the Modern Law of Contract, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3. - Goldman Claude (1987), An Introduction to the French Law of Government Procurement Contracts, Geo. Wash. J. Int'l L. & Econ., Vol. 20, pp. 461 – 489. - Fleiner Thomas (2000 – 2001), Comparative Constitutional and Administrative Law, Tulane Law Review, Vol. 75. - King Donald B. (2000), Standard Form Contracts: a Call for Reality, Saint Louis University Law Journal, Vol. 44:909, pp. 909 – 918. - Langrod, Georges (1955), Administrative Contracts: A Comparative Study, The American Journal of Comparative Law, pp. 325 – 364, in: HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org), Sun Apr 29 11:11:39 2012. - Ministry of Justice (October 2009), The Governance of Britain; Review of the Executive Royal Prerogative Powers: Final Report, United Kingdom.=
‫;‪A: Documents‬‬ ‫‪- Civil Procedure Rules, 1998 [England].‬‬ ‫‪- Code Civil, [Français].‬‬ ‫‪- Code des Marchés Publiques [Français].‬‬ ‫‪- Employment Protection (Consolidation Act) 1978 [England].‬‬ ‫‪- Equal Pay Act, 1970 [England].‬‬ ‫‪- Human Rights Act, 1998 [England].‬‬ ‫‪- Law Commissions, No. 69 (1975) [England].‬‬ ‫‪- Loi du 28 Pluviose an VIII [Français].‬‬ ‫‪- Loi de 1975, [Code des Marchés], [Français].‬‬
- Sex Discrimination Act, 1975 [England]. - The Local Authorities (Contracting Out of Highway Functions), Order 1999 [England]. - The Contracting Out (Administrative and Other Court Staff), Order 2001 [England]. - The Contracting Out (Local Education Authority Functions), (England) (Amendment), Order 2003 [England]. - The Public Contracts Regulations, 2006 [England]. - The Civil Contingencies Act 2004 [England]. - The Crown Proceedings Act, 1947 [England]. - The Public Contracts and Utilities Contracts (Postal Services Amendments) Regulations, 2008 [England]. - The Unfair Contract Terms Act, 1977 [England]. -The Utilities Contracts Regulations, 2006 [England]. - The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations, 1999 [England]. - The Consumer Credit Act, 2006, [England]. - Tribunals and Inquiries Act, 1958, 1971, 1992 and 2007 [England].
B: Cases; - A & M Produce Co., V. FMC Corp., 135 Cal. App. 3d 473, 490 (1982), [England]. - Birkdale District Electricity Supply Co. Ltd. V. Southport Corporation [1926]
A.C. 355, [England]. - Britith Transport Commission v. Westmorland County Council [1958] A.C. 126
[England]. - Burmah Oil Company (Burma Trading) Ltd v. The Lord Advocate [1965] AC 75
[England]. - Churchward v. R. [1865] LR 1 QB 173 [England]. - Cinnamond v. Britith Airports Authority [1980] 1 W.L.R. 582 [England]. - Commissioners of Crown Lands v. Page [1960] 2 QB 274 [England].
- Council of Civil Service :union:s v. Minister for the Civil Service [1985] AC 374 [England].
- Co. Ltd. v. Macaulay [1974] 3 All ER 616, House of Lords [England]. - Dickson v. Combermere (1863) 3 F. & F. 527 [England]. - Dowty Boulton Paul Ltd. v. Wolverhampenton Corporation [1971] 1 WLR 204
[England]. - Dunn v. Macdonald [1897] 1 Q.B. 401, 555 [England]. -EC/ 13 Mai 1938/ Caisse Primair Aid et Protection [Français]. -EC/ 8 février1873/ Blanco [Français]. - EC/ 26 Avril 1956/ Bertin [Français]. - EC/ 1912/ gronits des Vosges [Français]. - EC/ 6 février 1903 / Terrier [Français]. - EC/ 26 Juillet 1991/ Commune de Saint – Marie [Français]. - EC/ 1912/ Feutry [Français]. - EC/ 12 Mai 1933/ Compagnie Générale des Eaux [Français]. - EC/ 30 Mars 1916/ Compagnie Générale d'Electrique de Bordeaux [Français]. - EC/ 5 Novembre 1982/ Société Propetrol [Français]. - EC/ 13 Décembre 1889/ Cadot [Français]. - EC/ 7 Octobre 1987/ Société des Casions du Touquet, Rec. 306 [Français]. - EC/ 10 Février 1997/ SEM Equipement et Améngement [Français]. - Henningsen V. Bloomfield Motors, Inc., 161 A. 2d 69, 86 (N.J. 1960) [England]. - Leaman V. Rex [1920] 3 K.B. 663 [England]. -Lucas v. Lucas and High Commissioner for India [1943] 68 [England]. - Malloch v. Aberdeen Corporation [1971] 2 All ER 1278 [England]. - Mulvenna v. Admiralty [1920] 3 K.B. 663 [England]. - New South Wales v. Bardolph (1934) 52 C.L.R. 455, 496 [England].
- R. v. Independent Broadcasting Authority Ex. P. Pank Organization, March 26, 1986 [England].
- R. v. Great Western Trains Co. Lted Exp. Fredrick [1998] C. O. D. 239 [England]. - R (Datafin plc) v. Takeover Panel, Court of Appeal, [1987] 1 All ER 564
[England]. - R. v. Lewisham London Borough Council, ex P. Shell U.K. Ltd. [1988] 1 All
E.R. 938 [England]. - R. v. Hereford Corporation, ex Parte Harrower [1970] 1 WLR 1424 [England]. - R. v. Civil Service Appeal Board, ex Parte Bruce [1989] 2 All ER 907 [England]. - Rodwell v. Thomas [1944] K.B. 596 [England]. - Riordan v. War Office [1959] 1 W.L.R. 1046 [England]. - Siegelman v. Cunard White Star, 221 F.2d 189, 206 (2d Cir. 1955) [England]. - South Eastern Ry. Co. v. Cooper [1924] 1 Ch. 211 [England]. - Stourcliffe Estates Co. Ltd. v. Bournemouth Corporation [1910] 2 Ch. 12
[England]. - Town Investment Ltd. v. Department of the Environment [1978] A.C. 359
[England]. - TC /8 Juillet, 1963/ société enterprise peyrot [Français]. - York Corporation v. H. Leetham & Sons Ltd. [1924] 1 Ch. 557 [England].