The University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views 2252-0007 20 72 2023 03 18 situation of victim in the Primary investigation situation of victim in the Primary investigation 1 23 703481 FA Journal Article Victims respect as the Holy One side of the triangle offense, including developments in a situation where the victim is seen in the process of criminal justice. Necessity fair trial resulted in the birth and consolidation of fundamental rights of the parties in the criminal case was this process, although this growth and development than the victim was not very quick and easy. Code of Criminal Procedure, the law outlines a fair trial in the first quarter and the same material, the rights of victims to be recognized and the appropriate guarantees for forecasting. Classification and analysis of these rights in the preliminary inquiry is the subject of the present article. Victims respect as the Holy One side of the triangle offense, including developments in a situation where the victim is seen in the process of criminal justice. Necessity fair trial resulted in the birth and consolidation of fundamental rights of the parties in the criminal case was this process, although this growth and development than the victim was not very quick and easy. Code of Criminal Procedure, the law outlines a fair trial in the first quarter and the same material, the rights of victims to be recognized and the appropriate guarantees for forecasting. Classification and analysis of these rights in the preliminary inquiry is the subject of the present article. Victim right of victim Criminal Process Primary investigation https://jlviews.ujsas.ac.ir/article_703481_3fb1754bfd670f21cd8aaa44a8e9687b.pdf
The University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views 2252-0007 20 72 2023 03 18 How to Use the Law of Justice jurisdiction of the Islamic Republic of Iran How to Use the Law of Justice jurisdiction of the Islamic Republic of Iran 25 64 703482 FA Journal Article Procurement means Preparing for access to goods and services of an external source. Procurement process is based on the principle of non-discrimination, equal treatment, mutual recognition, proportionality and transparency. In this article the answer given to this question, whether Act of the jurisdiction of Islamic Republic of Iran's Institute of justice ‎for trying civil actions against foreign states act of 1999 can compensate loss and damage to Iranian companies by effect of sanctions? And it will be considered as a priority rule, the dispute resolution procedures set out in the context of public procurement contracts or not? To answer this question it must be said, although the law. There is more political and it was enacted in contrast to the actions of foreign governments, however, Due to its contents, it can be invoked, the right of companies in Iran. Although there are many difficulties in this type of litigation proceedings in judgment and the implementation phase. Procurement means Preparing for access to goods and services of an external source. Procurement process is based on the principle of non-discrimination, equal treatment, mutual recognition, proportionality and transparency. In this article the answer given to this question, whether Act of the jurisdiction of Islamic Republic of Iran's Institute of justice ‎for trying civil actions against foreign states act of 1999 can compensate loss and damage to Iranian companies by effect of sanctions? And it will be considered as a priority rule, the dispute resolution procedures set out in the context of public procurement contracts or not? To answer this question it must be said, although the law. There is more political and it was enacted in contrast to the actions of foreign governments, however, Due to its contents, it can be invoked, the right of companies in Iran. Although there are many difficulties in this type of litigation proceedings in judgment and the implementation phase. Public Procurement Contract Types of Sanctions Jurisdictional Immunities of States https://jlviews.ujsas.ac.ir/article_703482_4ccc69efdea9f7bcbd040ef7a0044267.pdf
The University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views 2252-0007 20 72 2023 03 18 Law of evidence in administrative proceeding Law of evidence in administrative proceeding 65 92 703483 FA Mohammadhosein Zarei Azita Mohsenzadeh Journal Article Law of evidence in administrative proceeding, has an undeniable significance to guarantee citizens’ rights and freedoms and to guarantee the principle of “Rule of Law” . By predicting the system of  free law of evidence in administrative proceeding, this opportunity will be provided for citizens to use all reasonable evidences to reach their rights and get disengaged from the usual current limits in the system of  legal law of evidence . From the other side, imposing the burden of proof on a citizen who claiming violation of the principle of  “Rule of Law”  by the administration department will be a crucial obstacle in realization of administrative proceeding targets, thus this is necessary to adjust the rule of “ the burden of proof by the claimant” in administrative proceeding and make the administrative  department “responsible” too in a way that the administrative office be obliged to clarify and explain the appealed decision reasonably and on a basis. Of other necessary mechanisms for  realization of administrative proceeding targets is to predict the active participation of the administrative judge to discover reality and to enforce justice. The administrative judge should do the necessary researches to make sure of realization of the principle of “ Rule of Law” so that by this arrangement the inequality between the administrative department and  the citizen in the  administrative proceedings get compensated to some extent and the citizens’ rights and freedoms get guaranteed.   Law of evidence in administrative proceeding, has an undeniable significance to guarantee citizens’ rights and freedoms and to guarantee the principle of “Rule of Law” . By predicting the system of  free law of evidence in administrative proceeding, this opportunity will be provided for citizens to use all reasonable evidences to reach their rights and get disengaged from the usual current limits in the system of  legal law of evidence . From the other side, imposing the burden of proof on a citizen who claiming violation of the principle of  “Rule of Law”  by the administration department will be a crucial obstacle in realization of administrative proceeding targets, thus this is necessary to adjust the rule of “ the burden of proof by the claimant” in administrative proceeding and make the administrative  department “responsible” too in a way that the administrative office be obliged to clarify and explain the appealed decision reasonably and on a basis. Of other necessary mechanisms for  realization of administrative proceeding targets is to predict the active participation of the administrative judge to discover reality and to enforce justice. The administrative judge should do the necessary researches to make sure of realization of the principle of “ Rule of Law” so that by this arrangement the inequality between the administrative department and  the citizen in the  administrative proceedings get compensated to some extent and the citizens’ rights and freedoms get guaranteed.   administrative proceeding the free law of evidence system the role of administrative judge the burden of proof https://jlviews.ujsas.ac.ir/article_703483_ea0e26ac4a3eb755e80f4db158182ddb.pdf
The University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views 2252-0007 20 72 2023 03 18 Legitimacy and Legality of Unilateral Economic Sanctions Under International Law Legitimacy and Legality of Unilateral Economic Sanctions Under International Law 93 129 703484 FA Ghasem Zamani Kazem Gharib Abadi Journal Article Abstract Sanctions have always been imposed to achieve certain goals. Security Council which is responsible to maintain international peace and security, can impose sanctions under article 41 of the U.N Charter to implement its decisions. On the other side, states also unilaterally impose sanctions against others to achieve their national goals and interests. In this context, sanctions are seen as a tool in line with foreign policy purposes. It is evident that imposition of sanctions is the sole responsibility of the Security Council in accordance with the Charter, which is bound to the provisions of the Charter, and the states have been prevented to impose unilateral coercive measures including sanctions out of this context. States actions against each other out of the Charter, has been separated from sanctions and named countermeasures according to the ILC Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts. Sanctions either imposed by the Security Council or unilaterally by the states, will affect seriously enjoyment of basic human rights by the individuals Abstract Sanctions have always been imposed to achieve certain goals. Security Council which is responsible to maintain international peace and security, can impose sanctions under article 41 of the U.N Charter to implement its decisions. On the other side, states also unilaterally impose sanctions against others to achieve their national goals and interests. In this context, sanctions are seen as a tool in line with foreign policy purposes. It is evident that imposition of sanctions is the sole responsibility of the Security Council in accordance with the Charter, which is bound to the provisions of the Charter, and the states have been prevented to impose unilateral coercive measures including sanctions out of this context. States actions against each other out of the Charter, has been separated from sanctions and named countermeasures according to the ILC Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts. Sanctions either imposed by the Security Council or unilaterally by the states, will affect seriously enjoyment of basic human rights by the individuals UNSC Sanctions Unilateral Sanctions countermeasures World Trade Rules International Law https://jlviews.ujsas.ac.ir/article_703484_b539aa82ce01d3af010d1c608ca29ad8.pdf
The University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views 2252-0007 20 72 2023 03 18 Introduction to legislator’s new approaches in the parole system Introduction to legislator’s new approaches in the parole system 131 159 703485 FA Mohammad Ebrahim Shams Nateri Tehran university Zahra Ahmadi-natoor Tehran university Journal Article “Parole” is the opportunity that given to prisoners before ending their conviction period to if they behave properly during the time that the court determines and enforces court orders, benefit from absolute freedom. It is always assumed that this leniency institution besides restoring principle of individualizing punishment, facilitate the social compatibility and rehabilitating persons convicted to prison. In this regard, the Iranian legislator also made ​​use from this criminal establishment in different laws and regulations and in Islamic Penal Code 1392 has created significant and worthy changes in the parole system than the Penal Code acted 1370. The present study in addition to addressing generalities on the issue and survey of changes in new Islamic Penal Code in the field of parole notes and emphasizes on the legislative new approaches in this field. Necessity use of parole for first time, need to endure third of punishment for convicts until ten years imprisonment and including parole period to remained time of the sentence are major changes of new law, and use of electronic surveillance for convicts to imprisonment in crimes, with degree of five up to eight are absolute innovation of legislator in this field. Generally, terms of using parole has been easier from different aspects in new that is an admirable action; although it should wait to approve executive regulations for these rules and judge its enforcement in actual. “Parole” is the opportunity that given to prisoners before ending their conviction period to if they behave properly during the time that the court determines and enforces court orders, benefit from absolute freedom. It is always assumed that this leniency institution besides restoring principle of individualizing punishment, facilitate the social compatibility and rehabilitating persons convicted to prison. In this regard, the Iranian legislator also made ​​use from this criminal establishment in different laws and regulations and in Islamic Penal Code 1392 has created significant and worthy changes in the parole system than the Penal Code acted 1370. The present study in addition to addressing generalities on the issue and survey of changes in new Islamic Penal Code in the field of parole notes and emphasizes on the legislative new approaches in this field. Necessity use of parole for first time, need to endure third of punishment for convicts until ten years imprisonment and including parole period to remained time of the sentence are major changes of new law, and use of electronic surveillance for convicts to imprisonment in crimes, with degree of five up to eight are absolute innovation of legislator in this field. Generally, terms of using parole has been easier from different aspects in new that is an admirable action; although it should wait to approve executive regulations for these rules and judge its enforcement in actual. Parole Islamic Penal Code acted 1392 prison convict https://jlviews.ujsas.ac.ir/article_703485_7951331e6055be2c5545ecb5567f77c6.pdf
The University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services The Quarterly Journal of Judicial Law Views 2252-0007 20 72 2023 03 18 تداخل و عدم تداخل اسباب و مسبّبات و Ø‌لوه‌های آن در فقه و حقوق کیفری ایران تداخل و عدم تداخل اسباب و مسبّبات و Ø‌لوه‌های آن در فقه و حقوق کیفری ایران 161 183 703486 FA Asadollah Lotfi daneshahe imam ghomeyni Sepideh Mirmajidi tarbeyat modarres Journal Article هنگامی که یک مسبب ( معلول ) دارای چند سبب مستقل و در عرض یکدیگر باشند، بحث مهم « تداخل یا عدم تداخل اسباب »، قابلیت طرح می‌یابد. به عبارت ساده‌تر، هنگامی که اسباب، متعدد ( به قتل رساندن چند نفر ) ولی مسبب‌ها تکرار شدنی نباشند ( اجرای چند مجازات قتل )، با تداخل اسباب مواجهیم و آن‌گاه که اسباب متعدد ( مانند خوابیدن و دست زدن به میت ) و مسبب‌ها نیز قابل تکرار ( تکرار وضو ) باشند، به غیر از مواردی که دلیل خاص بر تداخل یا عدم تداخل اسباب وجود دارد، اقتضای قاعده، مطابق قول مشهور فقهای امامیه، عدم تداخل اسباب و مسببات است. اصل عدم تداخل مسببات، به اصل عدم تداخل اسباب بر می‌گردد، به این معنا که به تبع پذیرفتن قاعده عدم تداخل اسباب، این بحث به میان می‌آید که آیا لازمه تعدد اسباب، انجام یک مسبب است، یا انجام تکالیف متعدد. نوشتار حاضر بر آن است با تبیین اصولیِ مفهوم تداخل و عدم تداخل اسباب و مسببات به عنوان پیش‌ نیاز، مصادیق و جلوه‌های آن را در فقه جزاء و حقوق کیفری ایران، به بحث گذارد. بر همین اساس، پس از بررسی مفاهیم و ادبیات مقدماتی، مفهوم « تداخل و عدم تداخل اسباب و مسببات » با اتخاذ رویکردی اصولی، به بحث گذاشته می‌شود و پس از آن، جلوه‌های آن در فقه جزاء و حقوق کیفری ایران تبیین می‌گردد. نتیجه پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد گرچه قانونگذار « عدم تداخل اسباب و مسببات » را به عنوان یک قاعده اصولی و فقهی پذیرفته است، ولی در مواردی نیز شاهد تداخل اسباب و مسببات هستیم. هنگامی که یک مسبب ( معلول ) دارای چند سبب مستقل و در عرض یکدیگر باشند، بحث مهم « تداخل یا عدم تداخل اسباب »، قابلیت طرح می‌یابد. به عبارت ساده‌تر، هنگامی که اسباب، متعدد ( به قتل رساندن چند نفر ) ولی مسبب‌ها تکرار شدنی نباشند ( اجرای چند مجازات قتل )، با تداخل اسباب مواجهیم و آن‌گاه که اسباب متعدد ( مانند خوابیدن و دست زدن به میت ) و مسبب‌ها نیز قابل تکرار ( تکرار وضو ) باشند، به غیر از مواردی که دلیل خاص بر تداخل یا عدم تداخل اسباب وجود دارد، اقتضای قاعده، مطابق قول مشهور فقهای امامیه، عدم تداخل اسباب و مسببات است. اصل عدم تداخل مسببات، به اصل عدم تداخل اسباب بر می‌گردد، به این معنا که به تبع پذیرفتن قاعده عدم تداخل اسباب، این بحث به میان می‌آید که آیا لازمه تعدد اسباب، انجام یک مسبب است، یا انجام تکالیف متعدد. نوشتار حاضر بر آن است با تبیین اصولیِ مفهوم تداخل و عدم تداخل اسباب و مسببات به عنوان پیش‌ نیاز، مصادیق و جلوه‌های آن را در فقه جزاء و حقوق کیفری ایران، به بحث گذارد. بر همین اساس، پس از بررسی مفاهیم و ادبیات مقدماتی، مفهوم « تداخل و عدم تداخل اسباب و مسببات » با اتخاذ رویکردی اصولی، به بحث گذاشته می‌شود و پس از آن، جلوه‌های آن در فقه جزاء و حقوق کیفری ایران تبیین می‌گردد. نتیجه پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد گرچه قانونگذار « عدم تداخل اسباب و مسببات » را به عنوان یک قاعده اصولی و فقهی پذیرفته است، ولی در مواردی نیز شاهد تداخل اسباب و مسببات هستیم. اسباب و مسببات شرط و جزاء تداخل و عدم تداخل تعدد حدود قصاص دیات https://jlviews.ujsas.ac.ir/article_703486_f7f1b2d7db586fdc0973a68e0ec2eb6b.pdf